Dengue
Fever: A Review
Mr. Sanjay S. Shinde1, Mr. Frew. T2
1Assistance
Professor. Ministry of Education
College of Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi
University, Ethiopia
2Lecturer,
Ministry of Education College of Health Sciences, Mizan
Tepi University, Ethiopia.
*Corresponding Author’s Email: mscshinde@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Background and Objective: Among the almost 3.9 million newborn deaths that
occur worldwide, about 30% occur in India. Children are our future and utmost
precious resources. After birth the health of the child depends upon the health
care practice adopted by the family, especially by the mothers. Information
about neonatal infection
will help in reducing mortality and morbidity during the neonatal
period. This study was conducted to identify the knowledge of primi mothers with regard prevention of neonatal infection.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was
carried out among the mothers of primigravida mother
in the Maternity Hospital, Delhi. The
Pre-test was conducted after that The planned teaching programme
was conducted . After three days post-test was done using the same
questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme.
Results: Area-wise analysis of knowledge score was more
(37.12%) in the area of “Prevention of neonatal GIT infection” and least
percentage (26.23%) was in the area of “Neonatal infection in general”. The
mean percentage of knowledge score of primigravida
mothers in the pre-test was 31.71% with a mean ± SD of 10.48±0.91 which was
increased after administering a planned teaching programme
with a mean percentage of knowledge score in the post-test by 86.33% with a
mean ± SD of 28.73± 0.84.
Interpretation
and Conclusion: Overall findings of
assessment of the level of knowledge of the primigravida
mothers revealed that 81.52% of the sample had average knowledge, 18.48 % had
poor knowledge and none of them had good knowledge regarding prevention of
neonatal infection. Quartile distribution of knowledge scores in pre-test and
post-test showed significant difference between the knowledge score of pre-test
and post-test. This reveals the increase in knowledge level after the
administration of PTP. A very high significant (p<0.001) difference was
observed between the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of primigravida mothers regarding prevention of neonatal
infection
KEYWORDS: Common neonatal infection,
knowledge of primi mothers, neonatal, planned
teaching programme, Health care practice.
INTRODUCTION:
Dengue
fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of
four closely related dengue viruses.
These viruses are related to the viruses that cause
West Nile infection and yellow fever.
An estimated 390 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with
about 96 million resulting in illness. Most cases occur in tropical areas of
the world, with the greatest risk occurring in:
·
The Indian
subcontinent
·
Southeast Asia
·
Southern China
·
Taiwan
·
The Pacific
Islands
·
The Caribbean (except
Cuba and the Cayman Islands)
·
Mexico
·
Africa
·
Central and South
America (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina)
Most cases in the United States occur in people who
contracted the infection while traveling abroad. But the risk is increasing for
people living along the Texas-Mexico border and in other parts of the southern
United States. In 2009, an outbreak of dengue fever was identified in Key West,
Fla. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes
mosquito infected with a dengue
virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus
in their blood. It can’t be spread
directly from one person to another person.1
Incidence:
Today about 2.5 billion people or 40% of the world’s
population, live in areas where there is a risk of dengue transmission. denge is endemic in at least 100
countries in asia, the pacific, the Americas, Africa
and the Caribbean. The world health organization (WHO) estimates that 50 to 100
million infections occurs yearly, including 500,000 dengue fever cases and
22,000 deaths, mostly among children.2
Fig: 1: Child in dengue fever
Symptoms, which usually
begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include
·
Sudden, high fever
·
Severe headache
·
Pain behind the eyes
·
Severe joint and muscle pain
·
Fatigue
·
nausea
·
Vomiting
·
Skin rash, which
appears two to five days after the onset of fever
·
Mild bleeding
(such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or
easy bruising).3
Fig: 2: child in dengue fever
Treatment:
·
There is no
specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue
fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding.
·
You should also
rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse
in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital
immediately to be checked for complications.
·
Check the
platelet count, if platelet counts less than 100000 then start replacement of
platelet.
·
Now recently
identified tablet for dengue fever
Tab: Platgro (Carica papaya and Tinospora cordifolia).4
Pediatric
nurse role in prevention of dengue fever for children:
There is no vaccine to
prevent dengue fever. The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites
by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a
tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the
mosquito population down.
·
Stay away from
heavily populated residential areas, if possible.
·
Use mosquito
repellents, even indoors.
·
When outdoors,
wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks.
·
When indoors, use
air conditioning if available.
·
Make sure window
and door screens are secure and free of holes. If sleeping areas are not
screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets.
·
If you have
symptoms of dengue, speak to your doctor. To reduce the mosquito population,
get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed. These include old tires, cans, or
flower pots that collect rain. Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths
and pets' water dishes.5
CONCLUSION:
Pediatric nurse should take care of dengue fever
children, identifies the symptoms early and provide immediate treatment and
save the life of children.
REFERENCES:
1. Parul Data. A Text Book of Pediatric
Nursing. Jaypee Publisher, 2nd edition.2009
2.
Dengue Fever Statistical Rate. Available at: http://www. Google.edu/
docs/H/HE-0685/
3. Keliegman Berhrman.
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.18th edn. Saunders
Elsevier, USA.2007.
4. Singh, Meharban.
Care of Children.6th ed. new delhi.2004.
5. Whaly and Wong. Essential of Pediatric
Nursing. 6 edn. Mosby Company, London.1999.
Received on 09.02.2016 Modified
on 23.02.2016
Accepted on 21.03.2016
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Int.
J. Adv. Nur. Management.
2016; 4(2):161-163
DOI:
10.5958/2454-2652.2016.00036.6